Withstanding epidemics has been a ubiquitous issue for the survival of humanity. After moving to Lizhuang, Sichuan, where a serious smallpox outbreak was occurring, a notice posted by the IHP on November 9, 1942, invited staff and their families to become vaccinated against the disease. However, only a few people ultimately received their vaccines, and the IHP thus arranged another round of vaccinations just eight days later, appealing for people to take the matter more seriously: “If [we] do not take precautions, the danger will be immense.” In addition, after Tongji University also moved to Lizhuang, the IHP frequently collaborated with their health division in the fight against smallpox. Tonji University, for example, assigned a doctor to administer vaccinations at the IHP and invited our staff to be immunized at given locations.